Goldman Sachs
GS
$911.77
+2.07%
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. is a global investment bank founded in 1869 that generates revenue across investment banking (notably M&A advisory, where it has led by revenue for two decades), global markets sales and trading, asset and wealth management, and a small, declining consumer lending book; asset and wealth management contributed roughly 30% of post-provision revenue at the end of 2025. The firm is a premier, relationship-driven franchise rather than a deposit-funded commercial bank, with its identity anchored in advisory prestige, trading scale, and a growing fee-based asset management platform. The current investor debate centers on whether the capital markets upcycle can sustain the extraordinary momentum seen in Q3 2026, when equities revenues surged 72% and investment banking beat expectations, against a stock that has nonetheless fallen sharply from its summer highs amid a broader rotation out of high-beta financials. Management is simultaneously reshaping the franchise through inorganic moves, including a reported acquisition of NEOS Investments (up to $2.25 billion for a ~$30 billion ETF business) to scale its ETF platform, and its role as lead advisor on the anticipated Anthropic IPO, which frames the narrative as one of fee-pool expansion versus cyclical and valuation risk.…
GS
Goldman Sachs
$911.77
Related headlines
Investment Opinion: Should I buy GS Today?
Rating: Hold. The core thesis is that Goldman Sachs is a high-quality franchise in the midst of a powerful capital markets upcycle, but the stock's valuation already reflects much of the good news and near-term momentum is negative. The analyst consensus is 'hold' with a mean rating of 2.54 and an average target of $1,037.18, implying 18.4% upside, but the cautious stance suggests fair value rather than a compelling bargain.
Supporting evidence: Revenue grew 22.91% YoY to $38.43 billion in Q2 2026, with net margin expanding to 17.25% and operating margin to 29.99%. The forward PE of 11.82x is well below the trailing 16.92x, and the PEG ratio of 0.65 signals cheapness relative to growth. The dividend yield of 1.92% with a conservative 30.7% payout ratio adds income support. However, free cash flow is negative at -$41.52 billion TTM, and leverage is high at 4.88x debt-to-equity, which are typical for an investment bank but limit financial flexibility.
Risks and conditions: The biggest risks are a cyclical downturn in trading and advisory activity, valuation compression given the P/B of 2.20x near multi-year highs, and earnings volatility. This Hold would upgrade to Buy if the stock reclaims $1,000 and forward EPS estimates hold, or if the PE compresses below 12x on sustained growth. It would downgrade to Sell if revenue growth decelerates below 10% or if the stock breaks below the 52-week low of $754. On balance, the stock is fairly valued relative to its history and peers, with limited margin of safety but strong franchise quality.
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GS 12-Month Price Forecast
Goldman Sachs presents a balanced risk/reward profile: the fundamental momentum is strong, with 22.91% revenue growth and expanding margins, but the stock's technical breakdown and cautious analyst stance suggest the market is pricing in a cyclical peak. The forward PE of 11.82x offers value if earnings estimates hold, but the P/B of 2.20x near multi-year highs limits multiple expansion. We would upgrade to bullish if the stock reclaims $1,000 and Q4 earnings confirm sustained revenue growth, or downgrade to bearish if revenue growth decelerates below 10% or the stock breaks below $850.
Wall Street consensus
Most Wall Street analysts maintain a constructive view on Goldman Sachs's 12-month outlook, with a consensus price target around $1031.14 and implied upside of +13.1% versus the current price.
Average Target
$1031.14
0 analysts
Implied Upside
+13.1%
vs. current price
Analyst Count
—
covering this stock
Price Range
$730 - $1250
Analyst target range
Coverage is broad, with 22 analysts following GS, but sentiment is cautious: the consensus recommendation is "hold" with a mean rating of 2.54 (where 1 is strong buy and 5 is strong sell), and the average target price of $1,037.18 implies roughly 18.4% upside from the current $875.68. That is a meaningful gap between price and target, but the hold consensus suggests analysts see the recent selloff as having created fair value rather than a compelling bargain, and the recent rating actions — HSBC maintaining Hold, Wells Fargo maintaining Overweight, Citigroup and UBS maintaining Neutral, and BMO and KBW at Market Perform — show a stable, unexcited stance rather than a wave of downgrades. The bullish tilt is thin, concentrated in a few Overweight/Buy ratings, while the majority sit on the sidelines awaiting clearer evidence on the durability of trading and IB revenues.
The target range is wide, from a low of $730.00 to a high of $1,250.00 — a spread of over 70% around the average — which signals genuine disagreement about the cycle. The high target of $1,250 assumes the capital markets upcycle extends, the NEOS ETF acquisition and the Anthropic IPO fee stream add durable revenue, and the forward EPS estimate of $84.15 is achieved or exceeded, supporting multiple expansion back toward prior highs. The low target of $730.00, below the 52-week low of $754.00, prices in a sharp cyclical downturn in trading and advisory activity, margin compression, and a de-rating toward book value. With consensus 2027 revenue estimated at $80.48 billion (range $75.03-83.43 billion) and EPS of $84.15 (range $76.74-88.14), the dispersion in targets mirrors the uncertainty in those estimates, and the wide spread argues for position sizing that respects the binary nature of the cyclical outcome.
Bulls vs Bears: GS Investment Factors
The bear case currently has stronger near-term evidence: the stock is in a clear downtrend, down 17.48% over three months and lagging SPY by 20.33 points, with momentum broken and valuation near the upper end of its historical range. However, the bull case is supported by exceptional fundamental momentum—22.91% revenue growth, expanding margins, and a forward PE of 11.82x that implies deep value if earnings estimates hold. The single most important tension is whether the capital markets upcycle can sustain the Q3 2026 surge (72% equities revenue growth) into 2027; if it can, the stock is cheap, but if activity rolls over, the forward estimates and the 2.20x P/B multiple are at risk. Analyst sentiment is cautiously neutral, with a 'hold' consensus and an average target of $1,037.18 that sits 18.4% above the current price, reflecting a market waiting for clarity on cycle durability.
Bullish
- Revenue growth accelerating at 22.9% YoY: Q2 2026 revenue reached $38.43 billion, up 22.91% from $31.27 billion in Q2 2025, and Q3 2026 reportedly beat on a 72% surge in equities revenues. This acceleration, layered on a strong 2025 base, signals the capital markets upcycle remains in expansion phase.
- Forward PE of 11.8x implies deep value: Trailing PE is 16.92x but forward PE is only 11.82x, a 30% compression that reflects consensus 2027 EPS of $84.15. The PEG ratio of 0.65 suggests the stock is cheap relative to expected growth, a classic value signal for a cyclical at a potential inflection.
- Profitability expanding with 17.25% net margin: Q2 2026 net income was $6.63 billion on a 17.25% net margin, up from 12.75% in Q4 2025, while operating margin climbed to 29.99% from 19.44%. Gross margin expanded to 52.66% from 45.41% a year earlier, showing operating leverage as revenues scale.
- Analyst target implies 18.4% upside: The average analyst target price of $1,037.18 implies 18.4% upside from the current $875.68, with a high target of $1,250.00. Despite a 'hold' consensus, the wide target range (low $730 to high $1,250) signals genuine disagreement about the cycle, not uniform pessimism.
Bearish
- Momentum breakdown with 17.5% three-month decline: The stock is down 17.48% over three months and 6.48% over one month, versus a 1-year gain of 16.64%, a classic deceleration pattern. It has lagged SPY by 20.33 percentage points over three months, indicating idiosyncratic weakness rather than just market beta.
- Valuation near upper end of historical range: The trailing PE of 16.92x is near the top of its recent band (8.6x in Q1 2024, 9.6x in Q1 2025), and P/B of 2.20x is near multi-year highs (1.17x in Q1 2024, 1.41x in Q1 2025). This leaves less room for multiple expansion and makes future returns dependent on earnings delivery.
- Negative free cash flow of -$41.5 billion TTM: Trailing free cash flow is -$41.52 billion, driven by a -$32.43 billion FCF quarter in Q1 2026 tied to working capital and investment purchases. While Q2 rebounded to positive $5.60 billion, the negative PCF ratio of -6.09 highlights dependence on external financing and market conditions.
- Hold consensus with cautious analyst stance: The consensus recommendation is 'hold' with a mean rating of 2.54, and recent actions from HSBC, Citigroup, UBS, BMO, and KBW were all neutral or market perform. The bullish tilt is thin, concentrated in a few Overweight ratings, suggesting analysts see fair value rather than a bargain.
GS Technical Analysis
Goldman Sachs is in a clear intermediate downtrend within a longer-term recovery structure: the stock is up 16.64% over the past year but has fallen 15.62% from its prior close-to-close reference and sits at $875.68, which is only 30.5% of the way up its 52-week range of $754.00 to $1,153.99 (roughly 24% below the high and 16% above the low). That positioning near the lower third of the annual range signals momentum has broken down rather than merely consolidated, and the -23.99% max drawdown confirms a meaningful de-risking has already occurred. The 1-year gain is now largely a legacy of the spring and summer rally, leaving the stock vulnerable to further mean reversion toward the 52-week low unless buyers defend the $850-880 zone.
Short-term momentum is decisively negative and diverging sharply from the trailing 1-year trend: the stock is down 6.48% over one month and 17.48% over three months, versus a 1-year gain of 16.64%, a classic deceleration pattern in which the medium-term trend has rolled over. Relative strength confirms the underperformance — GS has lagged SPY by 5.46 percentage points over one month and a striking 20.33 points over three months, while SPY itself gained 2.85% over that stretch, meaning this is idiosyncratic weakness, not just market beta. The most recent session's -1.75% decline on volume of about 1.78 million shares suggests selling pressure persists into the print, and the absence of a sustained bounce off the October lows argues against calling a bottom yet.
Key technical levels are well defined: support sits at the 52-week low of $754.00, with an intermediate shelf around $875-880 where the stock is currently oscillating, while resistance is anchored at the $1,153.99 high, with secondary resistance near $1,000-1,050 where the September breakdown began. A decisive break below $875 would open the path toward the $800s and ultimately the $754 low, signaling the market is pricing in a cyclical peak in capital markets activity; reclaiming $1,000 would be the first evidence of trend repair. With a beta of 1.284, GS is roughly 28% more volatile than the S&P 500, so position sizing should account for amplified drawdowns — the 23.99% peak-to-trough decline is consistent with that leverage to market moves, and a short ratio of 3.2 days indicates moderate but not extreme bearish positioning.
Beta
1.28
1.28x market volatility
Max Drawdown
-24.0%
Largest decline past year
52-Week Range
$754-$1154
Price range past year
Annual Return
+15.4%
Cumulative gain past year
| Period | GS Return | S&P 500 |
|---|---|---|
| 1m | -2.5% | -0.2% |
| 3m | -7.0% | +5.5% |
| 6m | -1.3% | +7.1% |
| 1y | +15.4% | +12.3% |
| ytd | -0.3% | +12.9% |
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GS Fundamental Analysis
Revenue momentum is exceptionally strong and accelerating: Q2 2026 revenue reached $38.43 billion, up 22.91% year-over-year from $31.27 billion in Q2 2025, and the quarterly progression shows a powerful upward trajectory — from $30.13 billion in Q4 2025 to $17.23 billion in Q1 2026 (a seasonally lighter quarter) to the $38.43 billion Q2 print, with Q3 2026 results reportedly beating on a 72% surge in equities revenues. Segment data show Global Markets at $20.63 billion and Investment Management at $9.22 billion, confirming that trading and asset management are the twin engines, with the markets franchise driving the bulk of the upside. The 22.91% growth rate, layered on top of a strong 2025 base, implies the capital markets cycle is in an expansion phase, which is the core bull case — but it also raises the cyclicality question of how much of this is sustainable into 2027.
Profitability is robust and expanding: Q2 2026 net income was $6.63 billion on a 17.25% net margin, with gross margin at 52.66% and operating margin at 29.99%, and the trend across quarters is clearly upward — net margin rose from 12.75% in Q4 2025 to 32.68% in Q1 2026 and 17.25% in Q2 2026, while operating margin climbed from 19.44% to 29.99%. The Q1 2026 gross margin of 98.17% reflects a quarter with minimal cost of revenue, so the more comparable Q2 figure of 52.66% is the better read, and it still represents meaningful expansion versus the 45.41% gross margin in Q2 2025. For a capital markets bank, a ~17% net margin and ~30% operating margin are healthy and consistent with a favorable mix of high-margin advisory and trading revenue, though the quarterly volatility in margins underscores the earnings sensitivity to deal and trading volumes.
Balance sheet and cash flow present a mixed but manageable picture typical of an investment bank: debt-to-equity stands at 4.88x, ROE is 13.74%, and ROA is a thin 1.11%, reflecting the leveraged nature of the model, while the current ratio of 0.83 is normal for a firm funding itself largely through wholesale markets. Free cash flow is negative at -$41.52 billion on a trailing basis, driven by a -$32.43 billion FCF quarter in Q1 2026 tied to working capital and investment purchases, though Q2 2026 rebounded to positive $5.60 billion in FCF and $6.11 billion in operating cash flow, and the firm returned capital via $4.0 billion of buybacks and $1.60 billion of dividends in the quarter. The negative PCF ratio of -6.09 and the 4.88x leverage mean the company depends on external financing and market conditions, but a 13.74% ROE and consistent buyback capacity indicate the franchise generates adequate returns on capital when the cycle cooperates.
Quarterly Revenue
$38.4B
2026-06
Revenue YoY Growth
+22.9%
YoY Comparison
Gross Margin
52.7%
Latest Quarter
Free Cash Flow
$-41.5B
Last 12 Months
Revenue & Net Income Trends (2 Years)
Revenue Breakdown
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Valuation Analysis: Is GS Overvalued?
Because Goldman Sachs is solidly profitable — Q2 2026 net income of $6.63 billion and trailing EPS positive — the PE ratio is the appropriate primary metric, and the trailing PE of 16.92x versus a forward PE of 11.82x implies the market expects earnings to grow substantially, with consensus 2027 EPS estimates around $84.15. That 30% compression from trailing to forward multiple signals the Street is pricing in continued capital markets strength, yet the stock's recent 17% three-month decline suggests investors are skeptical that those forward estimates are achievable. The PEG ratio of 0.65 further implies the stock is cheap relative to its expected growth rate, a classic value signal for a cyclical at a potential inflection.
Against its own sector and peer context, GS trades at a price-to-book of 2.20x and price-to-sales of 2.20x, with an EV/Sales of 1.53x and EV/EBITDA of 29.96x — the EV/EBITDA multiple looks elevated, but that is a distortion of the bank's heavy interest expense and leverage rather than a true operating multiple. The 16.92x trailing PE is broadly in line with large-cap bank peers and below the broader market, while the 2.20x P/B is a premium to book that reflects the franchise's superior ROE (13.74%) versus typical bank returns. On balance, the valuation does not look stretched for a franchise leader in an upcycle, and the 1.92% dividend yield with a conservative 30.7% payout ratio adds a modest income cushion.
Historically, GS's PE has ranged widely — from roughly 8.6x in Q1 2024 and 9.6x in Q1 2025 to 16.9x now — placing the current multiple near the upper end of its recent band, while the P/B of 2.20x is near the top of its multi-year range (versus 1.17x in Q1 2024 and 1.41x in Q1 2025). That combination suggests the market has already re-rated the stock for the earnings upcycle, leaving less room for multiple expansion and making future returns more dependent on earnings delivery than on re-rating. In short, the stock is not expensive on forward earnings but is no longer the deep-value cyclical it was two years ago, which argues for disciplined entry rather than chasing.
PE
16.9x
Latest Quarter
vs. Historical
Mid-Range
5-Year PE Range 6x~25x
vs. Industry Avg
N/A
Industry PE ~N/A*
EV/EBITDA
30.0x
Enterprise Value Multiple
Investment Risk Disclosure
Financial and operational risks are elevated by the firm's leverage and cash flow volatility. Debt-to-equity of 4.88x and a current ratio of 0.83 reflect reliance on wholesale funding, while trailing free cash flow is -$41.52 billion, including a -$32.43 billion quarter in Q1 2026. Although Q2 2026 rebounded to positive $5.60 billion in FCF, the negative PCF ratio of -6.09 and thin ROA of 1.11% mean the company depends on external financing and favorable market conditions. Earnings are also highly cyclical: net margin swung from 12.75% in Q4 2025 to 32.68% in Q1 2026 and 17.25% in Q2 2026, showing sensitivity to deal and trading volumes.
Market and competitive risks center on valuation compression and cyclicality. The trailing PE of 16.92x is near the top of its recent range (8.6x in Q1 2024, 9.6x in Q1 2025), and P/B of 2.20x is near multi-year highs, leaving little room for multiple expansion. With a beta of 1.284, GS is roughly 28% more volatile than the S&P 500, amplifying drawdowns during risk-off periods. Recent news highlights a rotation out of high-beta financials and AI-related volatility, and while the NEOS acquisition and Anthropic IPO are strategic positives, they may not offset a cyclical downturn in trading and advisory activity.
Worst-case scenario: a sharp reversal in capital markets activity—falling equities revenues, a freeze in M&A, and margin compression—would likely trigger a de-rating toward book value. The 52-week low of $754.00 represents a 13.9% decline from the current $875.68, and the analyst low target of $730.00 implies a 16.6% downside. A more severe scenario, such as a recession that cuts trading volumes and advisory fees while credit costs rise, could push the stock toward the $730 level or below, consistent with the -23.99% max drawdown already experienced. From the current price, an investor could lose 14-17% in a moderate bear case and up to 24% in a severe downturn.
FAQ
The most severe risk is a cyclical downturn in capital markets activity, which could cut trading and advisory revenues and compress margins, as seen in the net margin swing from 32.68% in Q1 2026 to 17.25% in Q2 2026. Financial risk is elevated by high leverage (debt-to-equity of 4.88x) and negative trailing free cash flow of -$41.52 billion, though Q2 FCF rebounded to $5.60 billion. Valuation risk is also present, with P/B at 2.20x near multi-year highs, leaving little room for multiple expansion. Finally, market risk is amplified by a beta of 1.284, meaning GS is 28% more volatile than the S&P 500, and the stock has already experienced a -23.99% max drawdown.
Our 12-month forecast has a base case (50% probability) of $1,000-1,050, aligned with the analyst average target of $1,037.18, assuming revenue growth moderates but remains positive and EPS meets consensus of $84.15. The bull case (25% probability) targets $1,150-1,250, driven by a sustained upcycle and successful strategic initiatives like the NEOS acquisition and Anthropic IPO. The bear case (25% probability) targets $730-800, reflecting a cyclical downturn and de-rating toward book value. The most likely scenario is the base case, with the key assumption that capital markets activity remains healthy through 2027.
GS appears fairly valued to slightly undervalued on forward earnings, with a forward PE of 11.82x versus a trailing PE of 16.92x, implying 30% earnings growth. The PEG ratio of 0.65 suggests the stock is cheap relative to its growth rate. However, on a price-to-book basis, 2.20x is near the top of its multi-year range (versus 1.17x in Q1 2024), indicating the market has already re-rated the stock for the upcycle. Relative to peers, the 16.92x trailing PE is in line with large-cap banks, but the premium P/B reflects superior ROE of 13.74%. Overall, the valuation is fair, with limited margin of safety but not stretched.
GS is a good buy for long-term investors who believe the capital markets upcycle will persist, given the 18.4% upside to the average analyst target of $1,037.18 and a forward PE of only 11.82x. However, the stock is down 17.48% over three months and has broken down technically, so near-term risk remains. The biggest downside risk is a cyclical downturn that could push the stock toward the 52-week low of $754, a 13.9% decline. For risk-tolerant investors with a 2-3 year horizon, the risk/reward is favorable, but conservative investors may want to wait for a reclaim of $1,000 or a test of the $800s.
GS is better suited for long-term investment (minimum 2-3 years) given its cyclical earnings, high beta of 1.284, and the need to ride out downturns. The stock's 1-year gain of 16.64% masks a 17.48% three-month decline, highlighting short-term volatility that can be punishing for traders. The dividend yield of 1.92% with a 30.7% payout ratio provides some income but is not a primary reason to hold. Earnings visibility is moderate, dependent on capital markets activity, so a long-term horizon allows time for the cycle to play out and for strategic initiatives to contribute. Short-term trading should be avoided unless using tight risk management.

